Other Ingredients: Natural Vegetable Capsules. This product may contain one or more of the following: Calcium Silicate, Magnesium Stearate, Microcrystalline Cellulose and Silicon Dioxide. DimaCal and TRAACS are trademarks of Albion Laboratories, Inc. MenaQ7™ is a trademark of NattoPharma, Norway. Patents Pending. Betatene® is a registered trademark of Cognis B.V. ChromeMate® is a registered trademark of InterHealth N.I., ChromeMate® brand niacin-bound chromium (U.S. Patents 4,923,855, 4,954,492 and 5,194,615).

SUGGESTED USE: 2 packets per day taking one AM packet in the morning and one PM packet in the evening. Maintenance: 1 packet per day alternating one AM packet on odd days and one PM packet on even days or as recommended by your health care professional.

Formulated to be free of allergens derived from: Gluten, yeast, artificial colors and flavors. Contains milk and soy. Do not consume this product if you are pregnant or nursing. Consult your physician for further information. As with all dietary supplements, some individuals may not tolerate or may be allergic to the ingredients used. Please read the ingredient panel carefully prior to ingestion. Cease taking this product and consult your physician if you have negative reactions upon ingestion. KEEP

Contraindications: Class 1. Caution is advised for those taking digoxin or any cardiac glycoside and those taking Warfarin or other blood thinning medications. This product contains soy and corn allergens.

Warnings: All forms of Vitamin K may interact with blood thinning medications. If you are taking such medicines please consult with your physician before taking this product.

"Products containing at least 0.65 g per serving of plant sterol esters, taken twice daily with meals for a daily total intake of at least 1.3 g, as part of a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease."

"Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. One serving of Triglicor with Niacin provides 1.44 grams of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids."

DISCLAIMER: The information contained on this web site has not been evaluated by the FDA. It is not intended to treat, diagnose, cure or prevent any disease. Material on the Imupharm web site is provided for educational purposes only. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you have regarding a medical condition, and before undertaking any diet, exercise or other health program.

Ipriflavone

- Ipriflavone is an isoflavone derivative, which has shown in animal and human research to enhance bone function and strength - particularly in counteracting bone loss during menopause.

- Enhances Calcium Transport. (Reference 1)

- Regulates the differentiation and biosynthetic properties of human bone-forming cells in vitro.

- Increases expression of proteins important to bone matrix deposition and facilitates the process of mineralization. (Reference 2)

- Ipriflavone studies in women with established osteoporosis show consistent increases (or maintaining) of BMD, a reduction in fracture rate and a decrease in markers of bone resorption. (References 3,4)

Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)           

- Vitamin D is a hormone-like vitamin, which acts to regulate calcium absorption (in the gut) and incorporation into bone.

- Deficiencies of Vitamin D are common in the elderly and inversely related to bone mineral density and fracture rates in postmenopausal women. Vitamin D intake reduces falling in elderly by an average of 22%. (Reference 5)

- Undercarboxylated osteocalcin was measured in 195 women ages 70-101. During an 18-month follow up, 15 women sustained a hip fracture. The risk of hip fracture was increased in those with higher levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin.

- During a one-year treatment with calcium and vitamin D3, undercarboxylated osteocalcin decreased. The authors suggest that vitamin D may be important for achieving normal gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin in the elderly. (Reference 6)

Vitamin K1 (Phytonedione)

- Vitamin K is a coenzyme for the enzyme responsible for synthesizing osteocalcin, a protein involved in attracting calcium ions into bone tissue. Low circulating Vitamin K is associated with decreased BMD and increased fractures. (Reference 7)

- 244 non-osteoporotic women received either 200 mcg/day vitamin K, 400 IU/day vitamin D3 plus 1 g/day calcium, combined treatment of vitamin K, D3 and calcium or placebo in a 2 year double-blind study. Those receiving the combined treatment had a modest but significant increase in BMC and BMD at the ultradistal radius. (Reference 8)

Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone)

- Among the vitamin K family, K2 has been found to have the most potent gamma-carboxylation activity.  Gamma-carboxylation is a necessary process that allows calcium binding to osteocalcin. (Reference 9)

- High levels of vitamin K are needed for the total gamma-carboxylation of osteocalcin. (Reference 10)

- Both vitamin K1 and K2 are well absorbed, however, MK7 has a longer half life which results in more stable serum levels of vitamin K2. (Reference 11)

- Natto is a MK7 rich food. One study examined the effects of natto on the risk of fracture in three different populations of women (Japanese women in Tokyo, Hiroshima, and British women). Japanese women in Tokyo consume large amounts of natto and were found to have serum MK7 concentrations at 5.26+/-6.13 ng/mL, in Japanese women in Hiroshima the concentrations were 1.22+/- 1.85 and 0.37+/-0.2 in British women. Women with higher serum concentrations of MK7 (those with high natto consumption) were found to have a reduced risk of hip fracture. (Reference 12)

Boron

Boron is known to be involved in the functions of Ca, K, P, Mg and Vitamin D. Deficiency in Boron in both animals and humans is linked with bone abnormalities. (Reference 13)

Organic Flaxseed (Alpha Linolenic Acid)

A study including 23 subjects evaluated the effects of plant-derived (primarily walnuts and flaxseeds) omega-3 fatty acids on bone health. Each subject consumed three different diets for 6 weeks each. The three diets were: Average American Diet (AAD) consisting of 9% PUFA (7.7% LA and 0.8% ALA), the Linoleic Acid Diet (LA) consisting of 16% PUFA (12.6% LA and 3.6% ALA), and finally the Alpha-Linolenic Acid Diet (ALA) consisting of 17% PUFA (10.5% LA and 6.5% ALA). It was found that N-telopeptides (a marker of bone resorption) were significantly lower in the ALA group compared to the AAD group. The authors conclude the results indicate that plant derived omega-3 fatty acids may have protective effects on bone metabolism by decreasing bone resorption in the presence of consistent levels of bone formation. (Reference 14)

Strontium

Strontium is one of the most abundant elements on earth. In the human body it is mainly found in bone and connective tissue. Stable strontium – meaning not radioactive – has been safely used as a medicinal substance and was first listed in Squire’s Companion to the British Pharmacopoeia in 1884. Subsequently, strontium was used therapeutically in the US and Europe. Various research studies have shown that strontium improves bone density in osteoporosis. (References 15,16,17)

(1) Arjmandi, B.H.; Khalil, D.A.; and Hollis, B.W. Ipriflavone, a synthetic phytoestrogen, enhances intestinal calcium transport in vitro. Calcif Tissue Int. 2000; 67(3):225-229.

(2 Civitelli, R. In vitro and in vivo effects of ipriflavone on bone formation and bone biomechanics. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997; 61 Suppl 1:S12-S14.

(3) Agnusdei, D. and Bufalino, L. Efficacy of ipriflavone in established osteoporosis and long-term safety. Calcif Tissue Int. 1997; 61 Suppl 1:S23-S27.

(4) Halpner, A.D.; Kellermann, G. et al. The effect of an ipriflavone-containing supplement on urinary N-linked telopeptide levels in postmenopausal women.
J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000; 9(9):995-998.

(5) Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.; wson-Hughes, B. et al. Effect of Vitamin D on falls: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004; 291(16):1999-2006.

(6) Szulc, P.; Chapuy, M.C. et al. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is a marker of the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. J Clin Invest. 1993; 91(4):1769-1774.

(7) Braam, L.A.; Knapen, M.H. et al. Vitamin K1 supplementation retards bone loss in postmenopausal women between 50 and 60 years of age. Calcif Tissue Int. 2003; 73(1):21-26.

(8) Bolton-Smith, C.; McMurdo, M.E. et al. Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women.  J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 22(4):509-519.

(9) Ushiroyama, T.; Ikeda, A.; and Ueki, M. Effect of continuous combined therapy with vitamin K(2) and vitamin D(3) on bone mineral density and coagulofibrinolysis function in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 2002; 41(3):211-221.

(10) Booth, S.L. and Suttie, J.W. Dietary intake and adequacy of vitamin K. J Nutr. 1998; 128(5):785-788.

(11) Schurgers, L.J.; Teunissen, K.J. et al. Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. Blood. 2007; 109(8):3279-3283.

(12) Kaneki, M.; Hodges, S.J. et al. Japanese fermented soybean food as the major determinant of the large geographic difference in circulating levels of vitamin K2: possible implications for hip-fracture risk. Nutrition. 2001; 17(4):315-321.

(13) Nielsen, F.H. The justification for providing dietary guidance for the nutritional intake of boron. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998; 66(1-3):319-330.

(14) Griel, A.E.; Kris-Etherton, P.M. et al. An increase in dietary n-3 fatty acids decreases a marker of bone resorption in humans. Nutr J. 2007; 6:2-

(15). Reginster, J.Y., Deroisy, R., Dougados, M., Jupsin, I., Colette, J., Roux, C. Prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss by strontium ranelate: the randomized, two-year, double-masked, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled PREVOS trial. Osteoporos Int, 2002, Dec;13(12): 925-31.

(16) Meunier, P.J., Roux, C., Seeman, E., Ortolani, S., Badurski, J.E., Spector, T.D., Cannata, J., Balogh, A., Lemmel, E.M., Pors-Nielsen, S., Rizzoli R., Genant, H.K., Reginster J.Y. The effects of strontium ranelate on the risk of vertebral fracture in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, N Engl J Med, 2004, Jan 29;350(5):459-68.

(17) Ortolani S, Vai S. Strontium ranelate: An increased bone quality leading to vertebral antifracture efficacy at all stages. Bone. 2006 Jan 30;38(2S1):19-22 [Epub ahead of print].